https://texasmuslim.org/ Texas Muslim is an independent publication covering Islam and Muslim life in Texas through research, plain-language explainers, journalism and cultural resources. en-us https://texasmuslim.org/research/as-salamu-alaykum-yall https://texasmuslim.org/research/as-salamu-alaykum-yall Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Omar Afra introduces Texas Muslim: a personal welcome about Houston, faith, belonging, and why being Muslim and being Texan are parts of the same life. https://texasmuslim.org/faith/what-muslims-believe-about-jesus-and-mary https://texasmuslim.org/faith/what-muslims-believe-about-jesus-and-mary Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Muslim reverence for Jesus (PBUH) and Mary is explicit in scripture, alongside theological disagreements that deserve equally honest explanation. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/halal https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/halal Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Halal means permitted in Islamic practice. On a menu it concerns ingredients and preparation, not a cuisine or a requirement that customers adopt a religion. https://texasmuslim.org/opinion/brandon-gill-texas-muslims https://texasmuslim.org/opinion/brandon-gill-texas-muslims Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Omar Afra examines Brandon Gill’s claims about Texas Muslims, local Muslim history, and documented Dinesh D’Souza and AIPAC campaign support. https://texasmuslim.org/halal-bbq/levant-bbq-houston https://texasmuslim.org/halal-bbq/levant-bbq-houston Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Levant BBQ combines slow-smoked Texas barbecue with Levantine seasoning and dishes. Its Houston location is listed on the operator’s current site at 5884 Westheimer Road. https://texasmuslim.org/halal-bbq/levant-bbq-frisco https://texasmuslim.org/halal-bbq/levant-bbq-frisco Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Levant’s Frisco location brings its Mediterranean-influenced Texas barbecue to North Texas. The operator lists 3211 Preston Road as open, with brisket, beef ribs and shareable barbecue dishes forming the core of its published menu. https://texasmuslim.org/halal-bbq/truboy-bbq-missouri-city https://texasmuslim.org/halal-bbq/truboy-bbq-missouri-city Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Truboy BBQ operates a dine-in and pickup location in Missouri City and also offers catering and nationwide shipment of prepared barbecue. Its official site describes the food as 100% halal Texas barbecue. https://texasmuslim.org/halal-bbq/kafi-bbq-irving https://texasmuslim.org/halal-bbq/kafi-bbq-irving Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Kafi BBQ serves Texas-style smoked Wagyu brisket and ribs in Irving. Its official site emphasizes meat selection and made-from-scratch preparation, while the Irving tourism listing and a published interview describe its halal barbecue offering. https://texasmuslim.org/halal-bbq/chuckwagon-bbq-katy https://texasmuslim.org/halal-bbq/chuckwagon-bbq-katy Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Chuckwagon is a mixed-menu barbecue restaurant with a dedicated published list of halal meats. Its halal page identifies eligible cuts and describes separate cooking from pork products, cleaned smoker racks, and dedicated preparation tools. https://texasmuslim.org/halal-bbq/mad-bbq-houston https://texasmuslim.org/halal-bbq/mad-bbq-houston Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT MAD BBQ HTX advertises catering across Greater Houston and states that all meat it uses is halal or zabiha. Its published menu includes smoked chicken, brisket and beef short ribs, with several seasoning styles and event-oriented portions. https://texasmuslim.org/faith/do-muslims-and-christians-worship-the-same-god https://texasmuslim.org/faith/do-muslims-and-christians-worship-the-same-god Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT A shared reference to the God of Abraham (PBUH) does not erase disagreement about the Trinity, revelation or Jesus (PBUH). https://texasmuslim.org/faith/jesus-muhammad-and-prophetic-sinlessness https://texasmuslim.org/faith/jesus-muhammad-and-prophetic-sinlessness Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Purity, protection from error and divinity are different claims. Muslim sources discuss them with distinctions that a one-line comparison misses. https://texasmuslim.org/faith/abraham-moses-and-prophets-in-islam https://texasmuslim.org/faith/abraham-moses-and-prophets-in-islam Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Islam’s account of revelation includes familiar biblical figures, without reproducing every biblical narrative or making all traditions identical. https://texasmuslim.org/faith/salvation-mercy-and-judgment-in-islam https://texasmuslim.org/faith/salvation-mercy-and-judgment-in-islam Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT The Qur’an joins moral responsibility with divine justice and mercy. Its passages about other communities require interpretation, not an automatic verdict on a neighbor. https://texasmuslim.org/faith/jesus-logos-muhammad-spiritual-exemplar https://texasmuslim.org/faith/jesus-logos-muhammad-spiritual-exemplar Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Logos and spiritual axis can open a serious comparison, but they are not interchangeable doctrines or a universal Muslim formula. https://texasmuslim.org/faith/why-muslims-pray-five-times-a-day https://texasmuslim.org/faith/why-muslims-pray-five-times-a-day Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Salah is a repeated act of worship involving time, recitation and movement. It is not a demand that everyone nearby join in. https://texasmuslim.org/faith/what-sufism-is https://texasmuslim.org/faith/what-sufism-is Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Sufi traditions emphasize remembrance, character and inward discipline. Their diversity matters more than the familiar shorthand of poetry and whirling. https://texasmuslim.org/faith/how-to-read-the-quran-for-the-first-time https://texasmuslim.org/faith/how-to-read-the-quran-for-the-first-time Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Begin with an identifiable translation, read beyond isolated verses, and distinguish scripture from commentary and a speaker’s conclusions. https://texasmuslim.org/faith/what-pbuh-means https://texasmuslim.org/faith/what-pbuh-means Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Peace be upon him is an expression of reverence, not a claim of divinity. The convention makes a shared prophetic history visible. https://texasmuslim.org/faith/free-will-fate-and-qadar https://texasmuslim.org/faith/free-will-fate-and-qadar Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Belief in divine decree coexists with moral responsibility. The theological tension should be explained rather than reduced to a stereotype of passivity. https://texasmuslim.org/faith/prayer-repentance-and-sufi-practice https://texasmuslim.org/faith/prayer-repentance-and-sufi-practice Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Islamic ideas of tawbah and remembrance connect mercy with responsibility. They offer a vocabulary for change without promising that words alone repair every harm. https://texasmuslim.org/research/american-european-muslim-migration https://texasmuslim.org/research/american-european-muslim-migration Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT A European refugee episode cannot stand in for Muslim America. Neither can American professionals erase refugees, family migration or the differences within Europe. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/islam https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/islam Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Islam is a monotheistic religious tradition centered on worship of God, the Qur’an and the example of Muhammad (PBUH). It is not a nationality or one political system. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/muslim https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/muslim Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT A Muslim is a person who identifies with Islam. The term does not specify race, citizenship, immigration status or political allegiance. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/allah https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/allah Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Allah is the Arabic word for God. In Islamic belief, God is one, incomparable and not embodied in Muhammad (PBUH) or any other human being. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/quran https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/quran Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT The Qur’an is Islam’s central scripture. A translation, commentary, hadith collection and government law are different kinds of sources. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/hadith https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/hadith Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT A hadith is a transmitted report about the words, actions or approvals of Muhammad (PBUH), assessed through its transmission and content. It is not a Qur’anic verse. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/sunnah https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/sunnah Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Sunnah refers to the exemplary practice associated with Muhammad (PBUH). A report about that practice and the broader idea of prophetic example are related but different. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/sharia https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/sharia Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Sharia is the broad Islamic idea of a path of right living. It includes worship and ethics as well as questions addressed by jurists; it is not one universally applied statute book. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/fiqh https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/fiqh Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Fiqh is human jurisprudence: scholarly interpretation of Islamic sources. Distinguishing it from Sharia makes disagreement, reasoning and change visible. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/fatwa https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/fatwa Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT A fatwa is a religious or legal opinion responding to a question. The word does not mean a death sentence or automatically describe a civil court order. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/jihad https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/jihad Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Jihad means striving or exertion in relation to God. It has spiritual, ethical and, in some contexts, armed meanings; neither all terrorism nor only inner peace defines it adequately. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/taqiyya https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/taqiyya Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Taqiyya concerns concealment or dissimulation, especially under threat. It is not a general permission for every Muslim to deceive every non-Muslim. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/haram https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/haram Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Haram means religiously prohibited. It is a classification within Islamic practice, not automatic authority to police other people. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/imam https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/imam Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Imam means leader. It can describe a prayer leader, a community religious leader or a distinctive theological office in Shi‘i traditions. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/mosque https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/mosque Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT A mosque, or masjid, is a Muslim place of worship. Architecture and community services vary; a dome or minaret is not required. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/madrasa https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/madrasa Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Madrasa is an Arabic word for a school. In English it often refers to Islamic religious education, but the label alone does not describe a curriculum. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/dawah https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/dawah Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Dawah means invitation or calling, commonly used for explaining or inviting people to Islam. Its actual methods should be described rather than assumed. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/ummah https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/ummah Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Ummah commonly means the community of Muslims. Religious solidarity does not make that community one government, organization or political bloc. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/sunni https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/sunni Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Sunni identifies a major Islamic tradition containing diverse legal schools, theological approaches and communities. It is not one political position. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/shia https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/shia Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Shi‘a names a family of Islamic traditions with distinctive understandings of authority through Ali and the Prophet’s family. It is not a nationality or a synonym for Iran’s government. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/sufism https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/sufism Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT An Islamic tradition of spiritual discipline, remembrance and ethical self-examination—not a separate religion or simply an aesthetic. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/salafi https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/salafi Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT A label associated with returning to the example of Islam’s early generations. It does not independently establish support for violence. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/islamism https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/islamism Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT A contested political label for projects assigning Islam an organizing role in public power. It is not another word for being Muslim. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/hijab https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/hijab Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT A term associated with modesty and, in common English usage, a head covering worn by some Muslim women. It does not disclose a wearer’s whole biography. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/niqab-and-burqa https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/niqab-and-burqa Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Distinct forms of covering frequently confused with each other and with hijab. Accurate description should precede a policy argument. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/ramadan https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/ramadan Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT The Islamic month of daily fasting, worship and generosity—not a month without food or water at every hour. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/iftar-and-suhoor https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/iftar-and-suhoor Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Iftar ends the daily Ramadan fast at sunset; suhoor is the meal before the fast begins at dawn. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/eid-al-fitr https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/eid-al-fitr Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT The festival marking the end of Ramadan’s fasting month. Local celebrations and prayer services have their own announced schedules. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/eid-al-adha https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/eid-al-adha Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT The festival associated with Abraham (PBUH), sacrifice and the pilgrimage season. It is distinct from the celebration ending Ramadan. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/hajj https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/hajj Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT The pilgrimage to Mecca performed during its designated season, a central Islamic obligation for those able to undertake it. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/zakat https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/zakat Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT An obligatory form of giving in Islam, governed by religious criteria about assets and recipients. It is not automatically a tax collected by a mosque or foreign state. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/shahada https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/shahada Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT The Islamic testimony of faith affirming God’s unity and Muhammad (PBUH) as God’s messenger. Reading or translating it is not the same as adopting it. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/salah https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/salah Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Islam’s structured ritual prayer, observed at five daily prayer times. It is distinct from informal personal supplication. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/wudu https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/wudu Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Ritual washing associated with preparation for prayer. A washing facility is not a religious court or a mechanism for imposing law on other people. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/adhan https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/adhan Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT The Islamic call to prayer. Its words announce worship; disputes about amplification or public sound require the actual local rules and circumstances. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/allahu-akbar https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/allahu-akbar Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT An Arabic expression of God’s greatness used throughout Muslim worship and ordinary religious speech. It is not inherently a threat. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/inshallah https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/inshallah Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT God willing. An expression about intention and uncertainty whose meaning depends on the conversation, not a general license to break promises. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/assalamu-alaykum https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/assalamu-alaykum Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT A greeting meaning peace be upon you. It is a greeting, not evidence of nationality, political loyalty or participation in a secret group. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/tawbah https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/tawbah Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Repentance or turning back to God, understood as a movement toward renewed conduct rather than mere despair or a public declaration. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/dhikr https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/dhikr Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Remembrance of God, expressed through attention, recitation and other devotional practices. It is not one uniform ceremony or a substitute for accountability. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/sharia-courts https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/sharia-courts Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT An imprecise phrase that can refer to very different institutions. In the United States, private religious advice, mediation, arbitration and state courts must be distinguished. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/islamophobia https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/islamophobia Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT In this publication, hostility or discriminatory treatment directed at Muslims or people perceived as Muslim. It is not a synonym for every criticism of Islam. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/arab-and-muslim https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/arab-and-muslim Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Arab and Muslim describe different kinds of identity. Neither term can substitute for the other or determine a person’s citizenship. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/people-of-the-book https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/people-of-the-book Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT A Qur’anic category associated especially with Jews and Christians and their received scriptures. Shared recognition does not mean identical theology or equal status in every historical system. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/jizya-and-dhimmi https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/jizya-and-dhimmi Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Historical concepts concerning taxation and protected non-Muslim status under Muslim rule. Protection and unequal legal status could coexist; neither concept describes the civil status of Texans. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/hudud https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/hudud Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT A category associated with specified offenses and penalties in Islamic jurisprudence. It is not the whole of Sharia, and its interpretation cannot be reduced to a list of punishments. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/apostasy https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/apostasy Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Leaving or renouncing a religion. Historical Islamic legal debates and modern defenses of freedom of conscience must both be described accurately. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/blasphemy https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/blasphemy Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Speech or conduct regarded as insulting what a religion holds sacred. Religious offense, disagreement, threats and criminal law are different categories. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/caliphate https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/caliphate Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT A historical and political institution associated with a caliph’s claimed leadership. It is not the inevitable meaning of a mosque, Muslim neighborhood or religious community. https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/islamic-finance https://texasmuslim.org/glossary/islamic-finance Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Financial practices and products structured around interpretations of Islamic rules. Religious approval, economic substance and consumer suitability are separate questions. https://texasmuslim.org/claims/texas-hb-4211-sharia-law https://texasmuslim.org/claims/texas-hb-4211-sharia-law Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT HB 4211 regulates a defined type of entity-owned residential arrangement and changes a housing exemption. Its operative text is not a general ban on private Muslim religious practice. https://texasmuslim.org/claims/paxton-islamic-tribunal-investigation-evidence https://texasmuslim.org/claims/paxton-islamic-tribunal-investigation-evidence Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT The April 6, 2026 announcement records an investigation and requests for information. The announcement itself is not a judicial finding that the Islamic Tribunal committed a violation. https://texasmuslim.org/claims/texas-cair-federal-terrorist-designation https://texasmuslim.org/claims/texas-cair-federal-terrorist-designation Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT No. The governor’s November 2025 announcement is a state action. Federal FTO designation under 8 U.S.C. § 1189 follows a separate Secretary of State process; the announcement alone does not establish it. https://texasmuslim.org/claims/religious-arbitration-texas-courts https://texasmuslim.org/claims/religious-arbitration-texas-courts Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT A private religious tribunal is not a state court. Arbitration agreements and awards may have legal effects under applicable law, but enforceability and judicial review depend on that law and the particular agreement. https://texasmuslim.org/claims/mosques-zoning-religious-land-use https://texasmuslim.org/claims/mosques-zoning-religious-land-use Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT No blanket exemption follows from being a mosque. Federal religious land-use law provides specified protections, including against religious discrimination, while ordinary land-use requirements may still apply. https://texasmuslim.org/claims/texas-muslim-population-estimates https://texasmuslim.org/claims/texas-muslim-population-estimates Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT TSHA’s 421,972 figure describes 2010. A proposed Texas resolution in 2025 cites an estimated 500,000. Neither source should be relabeled as a precise 2026 census of Texas Muslims. https://texasmuslim.org/claims/texas-1910-ottoman-immigrants-religion https://texasmuslim.org/claims/texas-1910-ottoman-immigrants-religion Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT No. The cited Texas Almanac figures concern Ottoman-origin residents and parentage, not a count of Muslim residents. They cannot substantiate a precise Muslim population for Texas in 1910. https://texasmuslim.org/claims/estevanico-1528-muslim-history-evidence https://texasmuslim.org/claims/estevanico-1528-muslim-history-evidence Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Estevanico was an enslaved Moroccan participant in the 1528 expedition. TSHA also records his Christian baptism before it. His origin alone does not prove continuing Muslim practice or a continuous Texas Muslim community from 1528. https://texasmuslim.org/claims/us-muslims-immigration-birthplace https://texasmuslim.org/claims/us-muslims-immigration-birthplace Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT No. Pew’s 2023–24 adult survey estimates that 59 percent of U.S. Muslim adults were born outside the country. The result itself contradicts the idea that all U.S. Muslims are immigrants. https://texasmuslim.org/claims/muslim-population-growth-conversion https://texasmuslim.org/claims/muslim-population-growth-conversion Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Pew’s estimates for 2010–2020 attribute global Muslim growth principally to demographic factors, including a younger population and births. Religious switching into and out of Islam was approximately balanced globally. https://texasmuslim.org/claims/quran-9-5-context https://texasmuslim.org/claims/quran-9-5-context Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT The claim is too broad for the cited passage. Verses 9:4 and 9:6 explicitly address honored treaties and protection for a polytheist seeking safety. Verse 9:5 is a combat passage, not a warrant to erase those adjoining provisions. https://texasmuslim.org/claims/taqiyya-muslims-lying https://texasmuslim.org/claims/taqiyya-muslims-lying Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT No general permission follows from the term. Taqiyya concerns concealment in particular religious and historical circumstances, with significant differences of interpretation. It does not establish that every Muslim’s statement to a non-Muslim is presumptively false. https://texasmuslim.org/research/texas-muslim-history https://texasmuslim.org/research/texas-muslim-history Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT A sourced history of Muslims in Texas: Estevanico’s contested religious legacy, African American congregations, immigration, Houston and Dallas institutions, and population estimates with their original dates. https://texasmuslim.org/research/how-we-report https://texasmuslim.org/research/how-we-report Sun, 20 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Texas Muslim is an independent publication founded and financed by Houston publisher Omar Afra. This guide explains our sourcing rules, our review stages, our ownership disclosures and the kinds of claims we decline to publish.